The evolution of village spatial forms provides theoretical support for traditional village conservation. Taking six villages in the Yangshan Area as a case study, this research employs box-counting, radius, and correlation dimensions based on fractal theory, using CAD and GIS to quantitatively analyse the evolutionary characteristics and interrelationships of four morphological elements—boundaries, roads, public spaces, and buildings—from 2004 to 2025. The study found that:(1) Diachronically, boundaries evolve gradually under internal and external constraints; the road network expands outward with an "initial suppression followed by expansion" pattern; public spaces become centralised and hierarchically simplified, with weakened authenticity and cohesion and intensified homogenization; building layouts diverge into central and linear agglomeration modes. (2) Synchronically, the four studied years respectively exhibit traditional preservation, minor spatial adjustments, significant divergence in evolutionary trajectories, and overall gradual evolution with local qualitative changes. (3) Correlation analysis reveals two evolutionary relationships: bidirectional mutual shaping between roads and buildings, and between roads and boundaries; public spaces, coupled with the social environment, evolve relatively independently.The study has expanded the application of fractal theory to the analysis of the co-evolution of multiple factors in traditional villages, providing a quantitative basis for decision-making regarding the preservation of the spatial form and sustainable development of traditional volcanic stone villages in the Yangshan region.