Urban street spaces serve as important carriers for residents’ travel, leisure, and social interaction, and their inclusiveness directly relates to public health levels and social equity in cities. As a key group within the public health system, wheelchair users have higher demands for street safety, comfort, and accessibility. This study selects typical traffi c, residential, and commercial streets in Wuhan. It uses simulation experiments to analyze the relationship between street spatial characteristics and mobility barriers for wheelchair users, exploring how street environments aff ect their physical and mental health and travel experience. The results show that three-dimensional interface density, curb ramp density, and path turning degree are core factors that aff ect the health and psychological safety of wheelchair users during travel. High interface density and complex path design not only increase the physical burden but also signifi cantly reduce travel comfort, hinder social participation, and lower overall health. Accordingly, this study proposes health-oriented, inclusive street design strategies to improve spatial continuity and safety and enhance universal accessibility. The fi ndings provide theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing health-oriented street environments in China’s “Healthy Cities”, helping achieve spatial equity, promote public health, and support sustainable urban development.