Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to the nocturnal environment is signifi cantly associated with individuals’ sleep quality. Nonetheless, existing research predominantly focuses on macro-scale analyses using remote sensing data. Whereas relationship between individuals’ environmental exposure during outdoor activities at night and their sleep quality remains insuffi ciently examined. This study focuses on the female group, combines data on nighttime outdoor environmental exposure with continuously and dynamically tracked changes in sleep quality over a week using wearable devices, and uses linear mixed-eff ects models and lag-eff ect models to explore the immediate and cumulative impacts of nighttime outdoor environmental characteristics on sleep quality. The fi ndings indicate that: (1) Green View Index and visibility of public facilities consistently exert a positive infl uence on sleep scores, resting heart rate, and other indicators across multiple time periods from 19:00 to 23:00; (2) After 22:00, excessive exposure to light intensity and color temperature signifi cantly disturbs circadian rhythms and reduces sleep quality ; (3) Long-term exposure to some environmental characteristics, such as the disturbance index and building view index, tends to activate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in resting heart rate; (4) Environmental factors, including the green view index, disturbance index, and color temperature, continue to exhibit signifi cant eff ects with a lag period of one to three days. This suggests the persistent infl uence of cumulative exposure on sleep quality. The fi ndings off er empirical support and a gender-based theoretical foundation for the development of female-friendly nighttime outdoor environments and the enhancement of women’s health and well-being.