The tourism industry is integral to the region’s economic development, and the spatial distribution characteristics of tourism resources have emerged as a key area of research for regional tourism planning and development. Based on the tourism resource POI data in Kaiyuan City, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, this study employs various spatial analysis techniques, such as the nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, and kernel density analysis, using ArcGIS 10.6 software to examine the spatial distribution characteristics of tourism resources in relation to the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway. The research results indicate: (1) The western part of the Kaiyuan section has more tourism resources than the eastern part, showing an overall distribution trend from northwest to southeast, with a spatial pattern of “one axis belt, one key center, and multiple secondary centers”. (2) The spatial distribution of tourism resources is clustered, mainly concentrated in flat terrain, convenient transportation, and economically developed areas. (3) Tourism resources mainly include natural landscapes, historical heritage, modern cultural attractions, and other cultural landscapes, with railway-related tourism resources accounting for 13.5% of the total. The spatial distribution of tourism resources in Kaiyuan City shows a clear clustering effect, and this study can provide valuable reference for local tourism resource integration and comprehensive tourism planning.