The rapid development of digital technologies has provided new support for the protection and preservation of traditional village and town settlements, while also raising higher demands on the systematic collection and precise recording of settlement spatial information. This study reviews the development and research trends of digital protection practices for traditional village and town settlements and cultural heritage, both domestically and internationally and analyzes the specifi c demands and key priorities of digital documentation, in light of the current application of spatial information technologies. This paper illustrates the advantages of digital technologies for the conservation of traditional village and town settlements and uses Langtou Ancient Village in Guangzhou as a case study to elaborate on the technical process of oblique photogrammetry for data acquisition, processing, and application. Building on this, the study further explores new perspectives introduced by digital recording in research into the protection of traditional village and town settlements, aiming to provide references for their digital protection and sustainable development.