By employing space syntax theory and utilizing Depthmap software, this study systematically calculates the connectivity, depth, and integration values pertinent to the visual and accessible layers of the Huanglong Cave rockery to explore its spatial logic. The research methodically segments the topological space, constructs a spatial structure model, and analyzes the intricate changes in its pathway space. Furthermore, it integrates sensory experiences with actual tour impressions in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the spatial characteristics of the Huanglong Cave rockery. The research results indicate that the Huanglong Cave rockery is aligned with the natural topography, effectively merging artificial and natural landscapes. The thoughtfully designed overall layout fosters a gradual transition into the forest, thereby providing a distinctive spatial experience. A stark contrast is evident between the open and enclosed areas, featuring a harmonious alternation of large and small spaces that combine organically to achieve a “small within large” visual effect. This dynamic arrangement enhances the spatial landscape layers and renders the spatial experience more three-dimensional. Moreover, the complex and winding pathways serve as pivotal elements in crafting the captivating space of Huanglong Cave. When paired with the vertical elevation changes, these pathways create multi-dimensional viewing angles. The research outcomes are anticipated to furnish theoretical references for the preservation and restoration of traditional rockeries in the gardens of Hangzhou while also offering valuable theoretical insights for the design of contemporary garden rockery spaces.