Traditional villages in the cold regions of China have endured for millennia under extreme conditions, characterized by semi-annual frozen soil periods and multiple disasters, such as floods, droughts, frost hazards, and snowstorms. These communities have cultivated unique adaptive wisdom for disaster resilience. However, current studies reveal a lack of systematic understanding regarding the localized adaptation mechanisms through which the “human-land system” attains equilibrium through energy circulation and feedback dynamics. To address this gap, this research investigates the means by which these villages sustain ecological adaptation mechanisms and consistently withstand multiple hazards despite insufficient modern green infrastructure. Grounded in adaptability theory, we analyze their eco-adaptive wisdom by identifying three core characteristics: integrated spatial compound systems, low-maintenance metabolic operations, and nature-replenishing reciprocity. We elucidate a concrete operational paradigm defined as “Leverage Natural Dynamics - Ecosystem-Based Hazard Mitigation - Ecophronetic Service Enhancement” and codify twenty principles of Cold-Region Ecological Adaptation Wisdom (CREAW). These findings provide methodological support for reconstructing indigenous knowledge frameworks within contemporary cold-region resilient urban-rural design while advancing transformative applications of traditional disaster-coping wisdom through cognitive paradigm shifts and regenerative revitalization in modern hazard governance.