Abstract:Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization, the metropolitan area faces the issue of discordance between economic development and ecological preservation. Using the InVEST model, this study evaluates the habitat quality, carbon sequestration, soil retention, and water yield, four key ecosystem services in the Fuzhou metropolitan area in 2020. It analyzes their spatial distribution characteristics and utilizes SOM bundling analysis to identify the ecosystem service bundles in the Fuzhou metropolitan area, recognizing spatial characteristics and dominant service bundles and consequently identifying ecological protection gaps. The results indicate: (1) In 2020, the ecosystem services in the Fuzhou metropolitan area exhibited a spatial pattern of “high in the northwest and low in the southeast,” with low ecological system service value in the central region. (2) The spatial distribution of the six types of ecosystem service bundles in the Fuzhou metropolitan area is heterogeneous. (3) The dominant ecosystem service bundles in the Fuzhou metropolitan area is bundle B5, mainly comprised of forest and grassland, with high carbon sequestration, habitat quality, and soil retention services, but relatively low water yield services, exhibiting high comprehensive ecological value. This is followed by bundle B4 and bundle B6, while the ecosystem services of bundle B2 are nearly exhausted. (4) The protection gaps in the Fuzhou metropolitan area are mainly distributed in the Jiufeng and Daiyun mountain ranges, with an overall protection gap rate of 1.85%. The research results can provide ecological protection and spatial optimization ideas in the Fuzhou metropolitan area.