The color of plants is an integral part of the rural landscape, reflecting the characteristics of the rural landscape, and has essential research significance. The colorful fall foliage plants are outstanding, reflecting the strong regionalization of rural color. Take representative traditional villages in Southern Jiangsu as the research object, according to the “three lives” spatial concept of geography, using MATLAB to extract the color information, through the calculation of color diversity, color uniformity, and other color factors, to summarize the color characteristics of plants in different seasons, to provide some reference value for the protection and construction of rural plant landscape features. The study showed that: the color variation of plants in the study area ranged from H3 to H7, and was concentrated in the warm hue range; autumn plant colors are dominated by the yellow of ginkgo and rice, the red of maple species, and the orange-yellow of citrus fruit trees, while balsam fir, loquat, and pines and cypress evergreen provide the background color support for the traditional village.