Since the establishment of the first nature reserve in 1956, China has basically formed a natural reserve system (NRS) with national parks as the main body, natural reserves as the basis, and natural parks as the supplement. NRS has played an important role in protecting biodiversity, preserving natural heritage, improving ecological quality, and maintaining national ecological security. Due to historical reasons, there are overlapping, unclear ownership, and other issues problems among natural reserves, which to some extent restricts their high-quality development of them. Based on the present status of nature reserves in China, this paper analyzed the main problems existing among nature reserves and proposed a high-quality development direction, main objectives, and implementation requirements after the optimization and integration of nature reserves. Taking Nanling National Forest Park as a case study, this paper also discussed the protection approaches for the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem after integration and optimization and expected to provide an example for the full play of ecological protection, scientific research, ecological monitoring, natural education, local community development and other functions of the nature reserves.