The micro-space renewal in old residential communities is one of the essential aspects of urban renewal, which can improve the quality of the human living environment and promote high-quality development. Based on the concept of “coproduction” proposed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the environmental renewal of old residential communities needs to change the model of a single entity. This study describes the progress of research on concept discrimination, influencing factors, and the analytical framework of the coproduction theory based on the literature on coproduction theory. By analyzing the real-life dilemmas of contradictory demands of multiple subjects, improper community spatial planning, and lack of renewal policies and funds in Beijing’s old residential communities, it reflects the problems of insufficient mobilization power, weak professionalism, and poor coverage of community public services, thus summarizing three paths of micro space renewal under the combined supply model, involving important combined supply subjects and key combined supply links. The case of the Xiaonanzhuang community in Haidian Street shows that the public space within the community and the residents’ coproduction behavior influence each other. At the same time, introducing the responsible planner system in Beijing effectively promotes the residents’ coproduction behavior. The coproduction model effectively plays the role of responsible planners, stimulates residents’ subjectivity, and forms a sustainable community regeneration path.