Rosaceae plants have economic value, edible value, medicinal value, ornamental value, and so on, and they are one of the most famous ornamental plants in the world garden. To explore the germplasm resources of Rosaceae herbaceous plants in Gansu Province, the germplasm resources of Rosaceae herbaceous plants in 53 regional cities and counties in Gansu Province were taken as the research object. Field investigation and data collection analyzed the life types, dominant genera, spatial distribution, habitat distribution, and ornamental value of the germplasm resources. The results showed as follows: (1) There were 45 species in 11 genera of Rosaceae herbaceous plants in Gansu Province, among which Potentilla was the dominant genus, accounting for 57.78% of the total plant resources investigated. Most of the life forms were perennial herbaceous plants (41 species). (2) From the perspective of spatial distribution, the vertical distribution changes significantly and is distributed 30～5 000 m above sea level. Potentilla anserina has the most horizontal distribution points, with a total of 34 distribution points. (3) The habitat types were rich and varied, and each plant can be distributed in different habitats. Grassland was a concentrated distribution habitat. The maximum number of species distributed was 29, accounting for 64.40% of the total. (4) Garden ornamental value is mainly reflected in flower color, flowering, fruit color, and fruit period.