Changzhou is located in the Yangtze River Delta region with rapid economic growth and a high degree of modernization. While rural construction is advancing year by year, there are some problems, such as weakening the original nature of rural plant communities, monotonous greening allocation mode, insufficient exploration and utilization of local characteristic plant resources, and inadequate plant maintenance and management. How to quantitatively formulate targeted restoration and transformation plans based on community structure analysis; the current research focus is to realize the extended cognition, total utilization, and efficient development of plant resources and carry out high-quality rural greening construction. The plant resource families, genera, species, life forms, species source composition, plant importance, species diversity, horizontal and vertical structure characteristics of the community, and plant health status of 275 standard sample plots in 55 villages in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, were investigated by ecological investigation method. The results showed that: (1) There were 386 species belonging to 307 genera and 117 families in rural areas of Changzhou, and arbors, shrubs, terrestrial herbs, and aquatic plants accounted for 23.0%, 17.0%, 54.2% and 5.8% respectively; The ratio of native plants to exotic plants was 13:7; The species ratio of evergreen and deciduous plants is about 1:1. (2) The order of plant utilization frequency in each layer of the plant community is shrub layer>tree layer>herb layer. The utilization frequency of 86.90% herb species, 67.34% arbor species, and 59.42% shrub species is less than 5%; (3) In the community structure, Patrick richness index, Simpson diversity index, and Shannon Wiener diversity index showed the trend of herb layer>tree layer>shrub layer, and there was no significant difference in Pielou index; Ecological and natural villages have substantial advantages in various indexes. (4) The plant community of Changzhou rural green space is dominated by small-diameter and medium-height trees; The overall plant horizontal density is in the appropriate range; The DBH and vertical height of plants in ecological natural and modern industrial villages are better than those in other types of villages; The health status of plant communities in various villages is as follows: Tourism and leisure type> modern urban type>modern industrial type>historical and cultural type>ecological and natural type.