In the process of protecting and constructing famous historical and cultural villages, the authenticity of plant landscape is a long-neglected part of the style protection of notable historical and cultural towns, and the authenticity principle was the core principle in the field of international heritage protection. From the perspective of landscape architecture and the relevant knowledge of authenticity in the field of cultural heritage, this study analyzed the connotation of the authenticity of plant landscapes in historical and cultural villages. It examined the current status and problems of protecting the authenticity of plant landscape in historical and artistic towns from two levels: old and valuable trees and general plant landscape. In addition, it explored the importance of botanical landscape for the authenticity of historical and cultural village landscapes. It pointed out that the authenticity of plant landscapes infamous historical and cultural villages had the characteristics of “irreplaceability” “dynamic” “relativity” and proposed targeted strategies for the conservation of the authenticity of historical and cultural village botanical landscape, in order to provide a reference for the general study of historical and cultural village landscape.