Based on the analysis of the pains and difficulties existing in the process of Shanghai’s greening quality improvement of “four modernizations”, this paper proposed that promoting quantitative research and practical evaluation is the key direction to be solved in the future, it is urgent to construct the index system and evaluation method of “four modernizations” of Shanghai urban greening. Based on the research progress of relevant indicators of urban greening at home and abroad and the idea of high-quality construction goal and development strategy of “four modernizations” of Shanghai urban greening, the comprehensive evaluation system is constructed from the four dimensions of afforestation, colorization, preciousness and efficiency, and 24 indicators are selected. Among them, 9 indicators such as green ratio and per capita park green area are the core indicators, and 15 indicators such as summer normalized differential vegetation index and three-dimensional greening area are the general indicators. These indicators are applicable to the three levels of urban area, central urban area and community, and it can fully characterize the greening level at all levels of the city. This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system for the construction of “four modernizations” of Shanghai urban greening with “multi-scale, multi timeliness and multi-level”, in order to provide reference and basis for the construction and implementation path of “four modernizations” of Shanghai urban greening.