Basin is the area where population and cities were concentrated, and it is closely related to human survival and sustainable development. Based on the four remote sensing images of the Panlong River Basin in 2000, 2007, 2013 and 2020, the characteristics of land use and landscape pattern evolution in the Panlong River Basin in the past 20 years were quantitatively analyzed. The result shows that: (1) Forest land has always been the main land type in the Panlong River Basin. During the study period, the area of construction land has been increasing, and the area of forest land has continued to decrease in the early stage. After 2013, due to the implementation of relevant protection policies, the area has increased. (2) The conversion between various land types was relatively frequent, and the area of forest land transferred was the largest. After 2013, the amount of forest land transferred has been significantly reduced. (3) The degree of fragmentation of various landscape types has increased, and the shape of construction land has become increasingly complex. The largest patch index increased rapidly from 2000 to 2007, indicating a trend of continuous distribution. (4) Forest land and cultivated land were the landscape matrix of the study area, and the overall landscape heterogeneity was good. During the study period, the overall connectivity of the watershed has decreased, but this trend has been curbed since 2013, and the ecological environment has shown an improvement trend.